Causes Bronchoconstriction

1 causes

1.1 emphysema
1.2 exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
1.3 allergen-induced bronchoconstriction

causes

the condition has number of causes, common being emphysema asthma. exercise , allergies can bring on symptoms in otherwise asymptomatic individual.

emphysema

with emphysema shortness of breath due effective bronchoconstriction excessive thick mucous blockage (it thick great difficulty encountered in expelling resulting in near exhaustion @ times) can bring on panic attacks unless individual expects , has learned pursed lip breathing more transfer oxygen blood via damaged alveoli resulting disease. common cause of emphysema smoking , smoking cessation mandatory if incurable disease treated. prevention of bronchoconstriction pathway vital emphysema sufferers , there several anticholinergic medications can improve quality of life these individuals. in combination mucous thinning agents such guaifenesin significant improvement in breathing can accomplished.

exercise-induced bronchoconstriction

more termed exercise-induced asthma, preferred , more accurate term exercise-induced bronchoconstriction better reflects underlying pathophysiology. preferred due former term giving false impression asthma caused exercise.

in patient eib, exercise follows normal patterns of bronchodilation. however, 3 minutes, constriction sets in, peaks @ around 10–15 minutes, , resolves hour. during episode of type of bronchoconstriction, levels of inflammatory mediators, particularly leukotrienes, histamine, , interleukin, increase. th2-type lymphocytes activated, increase in t cells expressing cd25 (il-2r), , b cells expressing cd 23, causing increased production of ige. after exercise, conditions fade within 1 3 minutes. in sufferers of eib, followed refractory period, of less 4 hours, during if exercise repeated, bronchoconstriction less emphasised. caused release of prostaglandins.

the underlying cause of type of bronchoconstriction appear large volume of cool, dry air inhaled during strenuous exercise. condition appears improve when air inhaled more humidified , closer body temperature.

this specific condition, in general population, can vary between 7 , 20 percent. increases around 80 percent in symptomatic asthma. in many cases, however, constriction, during or after strenuous exercise, not clinically significant except in cases of severe moderate emphysema.

in may 2013, american thoracic society issued first treatment guidelines eib.

allergen-induced bronchoconstriction

while different cause, has similar symptoms, namely immunological reaction involving release of inflammatory mediators.

inhalation of allergens in sensitized subjects develops bronchoconstriction within 10 minutes, reaches maximum within 30 minutes, , resolves within 1 3 hours. in subjects, constriction not return normal, , recurs after 3 4 hours, may last day or more. first named asthmatic response, , latter late asthmatic response.

bronchioconstriction can occur result of anaphylaxis, when allergen not inhaled.