Position in life cycle Pupa

1 position in life cycle

1.1 duration
1.2 emergence
1.3 pupal mating

position in life cycle

the pupal stage follows larval stage , precedes adulthood (imago) in insects complete metamorphosis. pupa non-feeding, sessile stage. during pupation adult structures of insect formed while larval structures broken down. adult structures grow imaginal discs.

duration

pupation may last weeks, months or years. depends on temperature , species of insect. example, pupation lasts 8 fifteen days in monarch butterflies. pupa may enter dormancy or diapause until appropriate season emerge adult insect. in temperate climates pupae stay dormant during winter, while in tropics pupae during dry season.

emergence


eclosion of papilio dardanus

insects emerge (eclose) pupae splitting pupal case. butterflies emerge in morning. in mosquitoes emergence in evening or night. in fleas process triggered vibrations indicate possible presence of suitable host. prior emergence, adult inside pupal exoskeleton termed pharate. once pharate adult has eclosed pupa, empty pupal exoskeleton called exuvia; in hymenopterans (ants, bees , wasps) exuvia thin , membranous becomes crumpled shed.

pupal mating

mating in pierid catopsilia pyranthe of male newly emerged female.

in few taxa of lepidoptera, heliconius, pupal mating extreme form of reproductive strategy in adult male mates female pupa emerge, or newly moulted female; accompanied other actions such capping of reproductive system of female sphragis, denying access other males, or exuding anti-aphrodisiac pheromone.