Presidency Arturo Umberto Illia

1 presidency

1.1 petroleum policy
1.2 minimum, vital , mobile wage law
1.3 education policy
1.4 medical drugs law
1.5 economic policy

presidency

illia (right) charles de gaulle in 1964

arturo illia became president on october 12, 1963, , promptly steered moderate political course, while remaining mindful of spectre of coup d état. ucrp majority in senate contrasted 73 seats in 192-seat lower house, disadvantage complicated illia s refusal include ucri men in cabinet (which, save internal affairs minister juan palmero, figures close balbín). illia refused military requests have general put in charge of federal district police, though confirmed onganía head of joint chiefs of staff , named numerous blue generals key posts.

countering military objections, made political rights policy centerpiece, however. first act consisted in eliminating restrictions on peronism , allied political parties, causing anger , surprise among military (particularly right-wing red faction). political demonstrations peronist party forbidden after 1955 coup, presidential decree 4161/56, however, 5 days after illia s inaugural, peronist commemorative act october 17 (in honor of date in 1945 when labor demonstrations propelled perón power) took place in buenos aires plaza miserere without official restrictions. illia lifted electoral restrictions, allowing participation of peronists in 1965 legislative elections. prohibition on communist party of argentina , pro-industry mid (which many in military, controlled cattle barons, termed economic criminals ) lifted. among illia s landmark legislation april 1964 bill issuing felony penalties discrimination , racial violence, presented in address joint session of congress.

domestically, illia pursued pragmatic course, restoring frondizi s vigorous public works , lending policies, more emphasis on social aspect , marked, nationalist shift away frondizi s support foreign investment. shift dramatic in illia s energy policy.

petroleum policy

on november 15, 1963, illia issued decrees 744/63 , 745/63, rendered said oil contracts null , void, being considered illegitimate , harmful rights , interests of nation. .

frondizi had begun, during 1958–62 presidency, policy of oil exploration based on concessions of oil wells foreign private corporations, leaving state oil company yacimientos petrolíferos fiscales (ypf) sole responsibility of exploration , buying oil private extractors. arguing such contracts negative argentine state , people (ypf had assume risks of investing in exploration of new wells, price of oil had risen steadily since contracts negotiated, etc.), illia denounced frondizi policy negative national argentine interests, , promised render contracts of concession void, renegotiating them.

minimum, vital , mobile wage law

on june 15, 1964, law 16.459 passed, establishing minimum wage country. avoiding exploitation of workers in sectors in excess of workforce may exist , securing adequate minimum wage , improving income of poorest workers listed among objectives of project.

with same aims, law of supplies passed, destined control prices of basic foodstuffs , setting minimum standards pensions.

education policy

pres. illia receives new president of chile, eduardo frei (3rd right), in 1965, @ ezeiza int l. airport, capacity administration doubled.

during illia s government, education acquired important presence in national budget. in 1963, represented 12% of budget, rising 17% in 1964 , 23% in 1965.

on november 5, 1964, national literacy plan started, purpose of diminishing , eliminating illiteracy (at time, 10% of adult population still illiterate). june, 1965, program comprised 12,500 educational centers , assisting more 350,000 adults of ages.

medical drugs law

law 16.462, known oñativia law (in honor of minister of health arturo oñativia), passed on august 28, 1964. established policy of price , quality controls pharmaceuticals, freezing prices patented medicines @ end of 1963, establishing limits advertising expenditures , money sent outside country royalties , related payments. regulation of law decree 3042/65 required pharmaceutical corporations present judge analysis of costs of drugs , formalize existing contracts.

supporters, detractors , impartial observers of illia agree policy helped create opposition business interests decisive in eventual overthrow military coup.

economic policy

in economic sphere, arturo illia s presidency characterised regulation of public sector, decrease of public debt, , considerable push industrialization. syndicate of state businesses created, achieve more efficient control of public sector. among brief presidency s notable public works initiatives villa lugano housing development (in poorest section of buenos aires) , el chocón dam, largest such project in argentina.

national gdp had contracted 2.4% in 1963; expanded 10.3% in 1964 , 9.1% in 1965. industrial gdp had shrunk 4.1% in 1963; leapt 18.9% in 1964 , 13.8% in 1965. external debt reduced 3.4 billion dollars 2.7 billion.

the median real wage grew 9.6% during calendar 1964, alone, , had expanded 25%, time of coup. unemployment declined 8.8% in 1963, 5.2% on 1966.

ironically, argentine middle class (who anxious see president illia leave office) benefited more: auto sales leapt 108,000 in 1963 192,000 in 1965 (a record @ time).