History Bucharest

bucharest s history alternated periods of development , decline settlements in antiquity until consolidation national capital of romania late in 19th century.

early 18th-century woodcut (1717)

first mentioned citadel of bucurești in 1459, became residence of famous wallachian prince vlad iii impaler.

the ottomans appointed greek administrators (phanariotes) run town 18th century. short-lived revolt initiated tudor vladimirescu in 1821 led end of rule of constantinople greeks in bucharest.

the old princely court (curtea veche) erected mircea ciobanul in mid-16th century. under subsequent rulers, bucharest established summer residence of royal court. during years come, competed târgoviște on status of capital city after increase in importance of southern muntenia brought demands of suzerain power – ottoman empire.

bucharest became permanent location of wallachian court after 1698 (starting reign of constantin brâncoveanu).

partly destroyed natural disasters , rebuilt several times during following 200 years, , hit caragea s plague in 1813–14, city wrested ottoman control , occupied @ several intervals habsburg monarchy (1716, 1737, 1789) , imperial russia (three times between 1768 , 1806). placed under russian administration between 1828 , crimean war, interlude during bucharest-centred 1848 wallachian revolution. later, austrian garrison took possession after russian departure (remaining in city until march 1857). on 23 march 1847, fire consumed 2,000 buildings, destroying third of city.

ottoman massacre of greek irregulars in bucharest (august 1821)

in 1862, after wallachia , moldavia united form principality of romania, bucharest became new nation s capital city. in 1881, became political centre of newly proclaimed kingdom of romania under king carol i. during second half of 19th century, city s population increased dramatically, , new period of urban development began. during period, gas lighting, horse-drawn trams, , limited electrification introduced. dâmbovița river massively channelled in 1883, putting stop endemic floods 1865 flooding of bucharest. fortifications of bucharest built. extravagant architecture , cosmopolitan high culture of period won bucharest nickname of little paris (micul paris) of east, calea victoriei champs-Élysées.

i.c. brătianu boulevard in 1930s

between 6 december 1916 , november 1918, city occupied german forces result of battle of bucharest, official capital temporarily moved iași, in moldavia region. after world war i, bucharest became capital of greater romania. in interwar years, bucharest s urban development continued, city gaining average of 30,000 new residents each year. also, of city s main landmarks built in period, including arcul de triumf , palatul telefoanelor. however, great depression took toll on bucharest s citizens, culminating in grivița strike of 1933.

calea victoriei ( victory avenue ) in 1940

in january 1941, city scene of legionnaires rebellion , bucharest pogrom. capital of axis country , major transit point axis troops en route eastern front, bucharest suffered heavy damage during world war ii due allied bombings. on 23 august 1944, bucharest site of royal coup brought romania allied camp. city suffered short period of nazi luftwaffe bombings, failed attempt german troops regain city.

after establishment of communism in romania, city continued growing. new districts constructed, of them dominated tower blocks. during nicolae ceaușescu s leadership (1965–89), of historic part of city demolished , replaced socialist realism style development: (1) centrul civic (the civic centre) , (2) palace of parliament, entire historic quarter razed make way ceaușescu s megalomaniac plans. on 4 march 1977, earthquake centered in vrancea, 135 km (83.89 mi) away, claimed 1,500 lives , caused further damage historic centre.

the romanian revolution of 1989 began massive anti-ceaușescu protests in timișoara in december 1989 , continued in bucharest, leading overthrow of communist regime. dissatisfied postrevolutionary leadership of national salvation front, student leagues , opposition groups organized large-scale protests in 1990 (the golaniad ), violently suppressed miners of valea jiului called in authorities (the mineriad ). several other mineriads followed, caused political changes.

anti-government protests in bucharest in 2017

since 2000, city has been continuously modernized , still undergoing urban renewal. residential , commercial developments underway, particularly in northern districts; bucharest s old historic centre being restored.

treaties signed in bucharest

treaty of bucharest, between ottoman empire , russian empire ending russo-turkish war (1806–1812)
treaty of bucharest, between serbia , bulgaria ending serbo-bulgarian war
treaty of bucharest, between bulgaria, romania, serbia, montenegro, , greece ending of second balkan war
treaty of bucharest, treaty of alliance between romania , entente powers
treaty of bucharest, between romania , central powers




^ giurescu, c.c., 1976, history of bucharest, bucharest: publishing house sports , tourism
^ djuvara, neagu (2013). Între orient și occident. Țările române la începutul epocii moderne (1800–1848). humanitas. isbn 978-973-50-4083-3. 
^ giurescu, p.154-161, 169–171
^ giurescu, p.157, 161, 163
^ giurescu, p.191-195
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