Systems ecology Systems theory

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systems ecology interdisciplinary field of ecology, subset of earth system science, takes holistic approach study of ecological systems, ecosystems. systems ecology can seen application of general systems theory ecology. central systems ecology approach idea ecosystem complex system exhibiting emergent properties. systems ecology focuses on interactions , transactions within , between biological , ecological systems, , concerned way functioning of ecosystems can influenced human interventions. uses , extends concepts thermodynamics , develops other macroscopic descriptions of complex systems.








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