History NHK

1 history

1.1 radio broadcasting
1.2 satellite broadcasting
1.3 studies of broadcasting

history

nhk s earliest forerunner tokyo broadcasting station (東京放送局) founded in 1924 under leadership of count gotō shinpei. tokyo broadcasting station, along separate organizations in osaka , nagoya, began radio broadcasts in 1925. 3 stations merged under first incarnation of nhk in august 1926. nhk modelled on bbc of united kingdom, , merger , reorganisation carried out under auspices of pre-war ministry of communications. nhk s second radio network began in 1931, , third radio network (fm) began in 1937.

radio broadcasting

nhk began shortwave broadcasting on experimental basis in 1930s, , began regular english- , japanese-language shortwave broadcasts in 1935 under name radio japan, aimed @ ethnic japanese listeners in hawaii , west coast of north america. late 1930s nhk s overseas broadcasts known radio tokyo, became official name in 1941.

in november 1941, imperial japanese army nationalised public news agencies , coordinated efforts via information liaison confidential committee. published , broadcast news reports became official announcements of imperial army general headquarters in tokyo duration of world war ii. famous tokyo rose wartime programs broadcasts nhk. nhk broadcast gyokuon-hōsō, surrender speech made emperor hirohito, in august 1945.

following war, in september 1945, allied occupation administration under general douglas macarthur banned international broadcasting nhk, , repurposed several nhk facilities , frequencies use far east network (now american forces network). japanese-american radio broadcaster frank shozo baba joined nhk during time , led post-war revamp of programming. radio japan resumed overseas broadcasts in 1952.

a new broadcasting act ( hōsō hō ) enacted in 1950, made nhk listener-supported independent corporation , simultaneously opened market commercial broadcasting in japan. nhk started television broadcasting in same year, followed educational tv channel in 1959 , color television broadcasts in 1960.

nhk opened first stage of current headquarters in special ward of japan s capital city shibuya international broadcasting center 1964 summer olympics, first televised olympic games. complex gradually expanded through 1973, when became headquarters nhk. previous headquarters adjacent hibiya park redeveloped hibiya city high-rise complex.

satellite broadcasting

nhk began satellite broadcasting nhk bs 1 channel in 1984, followed nhk bs 2 in 1985. both channels began regular broadcasts in 1989. in april 2011, bs 1 rebranded while bs 2 channel ceased broadcasting , replaced bs premium broadcasts on channel formerly used bshi. both channels air in hd.

international satellite broadcasts north america , europe began in 1995, led launch of nhk world in 1998. became free-to-air on astra 19.2°e (astra 1l) , eurobird satellites in europe in 2008.

nhk began digital television broadcasting in december 2000 through bs digital, followed terrestrial digital tv broadcasts in 3 major metropolitan areas in 2003. digital television coverage gradually expanded cover of japan july 2011, when analog transmissions discontinued (except in areas affected 2011 tōhoku earthquake , tsunami discontinued in 2012).

studies of broadcasting

from 1963 1999 nhk published studies of broadcasting: international annual of broadcasting science.