Historical context Generation of '98

1 historical context

1.1 restoration project
1.2 academic repression
1.3 la institución libre de enseñanza

historical context

the group has become known generation of 98 affected several major events , trends in spanish history. according carr s definition of group, of them born in 1870s. these men informed spain s defeat , humiliation in spanish-american war in 1898, crystallized 2 distinct political movements, republicanism , carlist monarchism marked oscillation of power (a zeal reform characterized these years of spanish history):

the restoration project

the first intellectual criticism took place @ dawn of restoration movement. in 1875, minister development, manuel orovio (1817–1883), sought reinforce traditional spanish values such dogma of contemporary spanish catholicism edict known decreto orovio.

academic repression

this crackdown response various attempts, notably not exclusively intellectual elite listed below, introduce form of liberal democracy both in spanish academic life , in wider society.

several progressive professors dismissed central university of madrid promoting ideas of karl christian friedrich krause (1781–1832), german philosopher advocated academic tolerance , liberty.

la institución libre de enseñanza

in 1876, these dismissed professors, led francisco giner de los ríos, founded institución libre de enseñanza (ile), or free educational institution, secular private educational institution started university-level instruction , later extended activities primary , secondary education.

their work constituted indirect repudiation of official instruction of time, had found ineffective, insufficient, , subject suffocating control political , religious interests. institution departed norm stressing importance of intellectual freedom , moral self-improvement.