Banu Ifran Medieval Muslim Algeria

-


in algeria, tlemcen capital of kingdom of banu ifran in time period before islam 1068. banu ifran waged uprisings against foreign occupiers: romans, vandals, , byzantines. pledged side of kahina, against umayyad in 7th century. in 8th century, mobilize around dogma of sufri revolt against powers of umayyad , abbasids. in 10th century, created dynasty facing fatimids, zirid, umayyad, hammadid, , maghraoua. banu ifran defeated almoravids , coalition of banu hilal , banu sulaym - hammadid, towards end of 11th century.


the ifrenides dynasty recognized dynasty has defended africans people in maghreb.








Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Thenkalai and Vadakalai sub-traditions Sri Vaishnavism

-
1 thenkalai , vadakalai sub-traditions 1.1 thenkalai sect ( southern ) - manavala mamunigal 1.1.1 characteristics 1.1.2 demographics 1.1.3 notable thenkalai people 1.2 vadakalais ( northern ) - vedanta desika 1.2.1 characteristics 1.2.2 guru parampara 1.2.3 demographics 1.2.4 notable vadakalai people thenkalai , vadakalai sub-traditions the sri vaishnava tradition has 2 major sub-traditions, called vadakalai ( northern ) , thenkalai ( southern ). term northern , southern sub-traditions of sri vaishnavism refers respectively kanchipuram (the northern part of tamil country) , srirangam (the southern part of tamil country , kaveri river delta area ramunuja wrote vedanta treatises from). these sub-traditions arose result of philosophical , traditional differences in post ramanuja period. vatakalai relied stronger on sanskrit texts such vedas , pancaratras (tantric), while tenkalai emphasized bhakti texts such prabandhas of alvars. from days, sri vaishnavism movement grew social inclusivene...
Read more

Discography Pallas (band)

-
1 discography 1.1 studio albums 1.2 compilation albums 1.3 live albums 1.4 radio session 1.5 archives series 1.6 singles (uk releases) 1.7 other singles 1.8 eps 1.9 compilation appearances discography studio albums the sentinel (1984) uk no. 41 the wedge (1986) uk no. 70 beat drum (1999) the cross & crucible (2001) the dreams of men (2005) xxv (2011) wearewhoweare (2014) compilation albums sketches (ca. 1990) - cassette release only knightmoves wedge (1992) - re-release of wedge tracks knightmoves 12 single interspersed; later withdrawn in favour of remastered edition of wedge knightmoves tracks added @ end. mythopoeia (2002) the sentinel demos (2009) - download-only release band s homepage live albums arrive alive (1981) - cassette-only release, re-released on vinyl in 1983 different cover , different track list; again re-released in 1998 on cd tracks of paris burning single added live in southampton (1986) - cassette fanclub release live our lives - 2000 (2000) the blin...
Read more

History Flexible-fuel vehicles in the United States

-
the ford model t first commercial flex-fuel vehicle. engine capable of running on gasoline or ethanol, or mix of both. the 1996 ford taurus first flexible-fuel vehicle produced versions capable of running either ethanol (e85) or methanol (m85) blended gasoline. the first commercial flexible fuel vehicle ford model t, produced 1908 through 1927. fitted carburetor adjustable jetting, allowing use of gasoline or ethanol, or combination of both. other car manufactures provided engines ethanol fuel use. ethanol disadvantaged frequent accusations ethanol producers collaborated bootleggers during prohibition. oil dominance motor fuel questioned in u.s. after 1973 oil crisis, resulted in gasoline shortages , awareness on dangers of oil dependence. crisis opened new opportunity ethanol, methanol , other alternative fuels. as response shock caused first oil crisis, u.s. government provided initial support develop alternative fuels, , time later, goal improve air quality. liquid fuels preferred o...
Read more