Hypotheses Hispanic paradox

1 hypotheses

1.1 barrio advantage
1.2 acculturation
1.3 healthy migrant effect
1.4 salmon bias
1.5 slow biological aging

hypotheses
barrio advantage

one hypothesis hispanic paradox proposes living in same neighborhood people similar ethnic backgrounds confers significant advantages one’s health. in study of elderly mexican-americans, living in areas higher percentage of mexican-americans had lower seven-year mortality decreased prevalence of medical conditions, including stroke, cancer, , hip fracture. despite these neighborhoods relatively high rates of poverty due lack of formal education , preponderance of low paying service sector jobs, residents not suffer same mortality , morbidity levels seen in disadvantaged socioeconomic neighborhoods. these neighborhoods have intact family structures, community institutions, , kinship structures span households, of thought provide significant benefits individual’s health. these social network support structures important health of elderly population deal declining physical function. reason phenomenon hispanic-americans live among of similar cultural , social backgrounds shielded of negative effects of assimilation american culture.

acculturation

the extent of hispanic american’s acculturation in united states, or assimilation mainstream american culture, relative or health. 1 of main negative effects of acculturation on health has been on substance abuse. more assimilated latinos have higher rates of illicit drug use, alcohol consumption, , smoking, among women. negative effect of acculturation changes in diet , nutrition. more acculturated latinos eat less fruits, vegetables, vitamins, fiber , protein , consume more fat less acculturated counterparts. 1 of significant impacts of acculturation on latino health birth outcomes. studies have found more acculturated latinas have higher rates of low birthweight, premature births, teenage pregnancy , undesirable prenatal , postnatal behaviors such smoking or drinking during pregnancy, , lower rates of breastfeeding. acculturation , greater time in united states has been associated negative mental health impacts. us-born latinos or long term residents of united states had higher rates of mental illness recent latino immigrants. in addition, foreign-born mexican americans @ lower risk of suicide , depression born in united states. increased rates of mental illness thought due increased distress associated alienation, discrimination , mexican americans attempting advance economically , socially stripping of traditional resources , ethnically-based social support.

healthy migrant effect

the “healthy migrant effect” hypothesizes selection of healthy hispanic immigrants united states reason paradox. international immigration statistics demonstrate mortality rate of immigrants lower in country of origin. in united states, foreign-born individuals have better self-reported health american-born respondents. furthermore, hispanic immigrants have better health living in long amount of time.

salmon bias

a second popular hypothesis, called “salmon bias”, attempts factor in occurrence of returning home mexico. hypothesis purports many hispanic people return mexico after temporary employment, retirement, or severe illness, meaning deaths occur on mexican soil , not taken account mortality reports in united states. hypothesis considers people “statistically immortal” because artificially lower hispanic mortality rate. studies hint reasonable. these studies report though return migration, both temporary , permanent, depend upon specific economic , social situations in communities, 75% of household in mexican immigrant neighborhoods kind of return migration u.s. however, abraido-lanza, et al. found in 1999 “salmon hypothesis” cannot account lower mortality of hispanics in because, according findings, hispanic paradox still present when non-returning migrants observed (e.g. cubans).

slow biological aging

horvath et al. (2013) have proposed lower mortality of hispanics reflect slower biological aging rate of hispanics. hypothesis based on finding blood , saliva hispanics ages more of non-hispanic whites, african americans, , other populations according biomarker of tissue age known epigenetic clock.